Topographic map

Topographic maps show the topography of the land. They are used to illustrate the physical features of the mapped area. This is an example of a topographic map of Brazil, it shows rivers, mountains, highlands, lowlands, deserts, etc..

http://www.brazadv.com/images/topographic%20map%20brazil.jpg

Thematic maps

Thematic maps are typically used to show a theme associated with a particular geographic area. This map is of Hawaii and breaks down the land to show ownership and function.

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.creativemappingsolutions.com/maps/thematic/thematic_map_1-web.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.creativemappingsolutions.com/maps/thematic/thematic1.html&usg=__xggfkkDGFaMt3UtrkrnUnr4ROYo=&h=1097&w=693&sz=211&hl=en&start=1&sig2=2UixEoeG-5yBZNZ-W1CYig&um=1&itbs=1&tbnid=B1aa2mA-VxirqM:&tbnh=150&tbnw=95&prev=/images%3Fq%3DThematic%2Bmaps%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%26rlz%3D1C1GGGE_enUS348US370%26tbs%3Disch:1&ei=4VjSS9fSBML48Abm-u2qDw

Cadastral maps

Cadastral maps are used for exhibiting boundaries and ownership. This is from Delaware, Ohio and all the sections are color coordinated to show boundaries.

http://www.dalisproject.org/(S(mcnlbx55sbjep255ckkset55))/pages/findMapsheet.aspx

PLSS maps

These maps are created from the public land survey system and divides an area into ownership. This map is for Ohio.

http://rnp782.er.usgs.gov/atlas2/articles/boundaries/a_plss.html

Hypsometric maps

Through the use of shading and tinting, hypsometric maps show elevation. This example is of the moon.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3b/Moon_worldwind.jpg

Propaganda maps

Propaganda maps are used to promote a state or any similar entity. This example is showing English and Russian "superiority".

http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3281/2722416468_1aebcdebb2.jpg

Dot distribution maps

On this mao historically active volcanoes are represented with dots. The distribution of dots shows that volcanoes are normally found on the meeting edges of tectonic plates.

http://www.geophysics.rice.edu/plateboundary/volcano.72.gif

Proportional circle maps

http://instruct.uwo.ca/geog/242/fig22.gif

Areas of the shown circles are proportional to the amount of data contained inside the circle, for example population.

Isoline maps

A type of thematic map that uses line symbolys to show a continuous distribution such as elvation. In this map dew point is shown, the red area is the most saturated area.

http://images.google.com/

Flow maps

Flow maps show the movement or migration of objects or people from location to another. Flow maps (aka flow charts) are often used in the workplace to show an organized way of reaching an objective or to show a simplified way of how an output is reached.

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://usefulchem.wikispaces.com/file/view/OracFlowChart.png/75585089/OracFlowChart.png&imgrefurl=http://

usefulchem.wi

kispaces.com/SLchemPaper&usg=__otJELZYGDhXysQwGgD2ihwmlR4s=&h=442&w=877&sz=75&hl=en&start=32&sig2=_FMZb2wS1sg4yqU107OweA&um=1&itbs=1&tbnid=ZGhjS_BwYV2XDM:&tbnh=74&tbnw=146&prev=/images%3Fq%3DFlow%2Bmaps%2Bblogspot%26start%3D21%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%26rlz%3D1C1GGGE_enUS348US370%26ndsp%3D21%26tbs%3Disch:1&ei=ZFHSS8K1IcP68Aal54mlDw

Cartograms

Cartograms are representations of maps of focused by weight or highlights according to the sort of data you’re interested in studying.

http://www.mcwetboy.net/maproom/images/worldmapper_cartogram.png

Statistical maps

Statistical maps are based upon numerical values. The example map depicts statistical changes in burglaries in the Denver, Colorado, area. The yellow areas indicate a decrease in crime from 2001 to 2002; the orange areas show an increase; and the white areas stayed the same. If you look closely the percentage change is also on the map. Overall there has been in increase of crime.

http://www.denvergov.org/Portals/335/images/SOPA_bur02.jpg

Cartographic animations

Cartographic animations are used to show visual changes on a map, such as the movement of a hurricane.

http://www.ssec.wisc.edu/~gumley/modis_gallery/images/HurricaneIvan_20040915_1850_2000m.jpg

Infrared aerial photo

http://www.kgs.ku.edu/Current/2002/aber/jpegs/fig16.jpg

Infrared aerial photos are often used to show changes in the environment, such as foliage changes.

Black and white aerial photo

http://isaacalongi.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/11/black_and_white_aerial_photograph_of_kc.jpg

THis is a black and white aerial photo of the American Interstate system.

Doppler radar

http://www.weatherusa.net/blog/images/doppler-orlando-1943.gif

Doppler Radar is used to map weather. This map shows precipitation over south Florida.

LIDAR

LIDAR, light detecting and ranging, is a remote sensing technique. It works by bouncing light off an object and then measures the time between transmissions to create a 3D model.

http://news.satimagingcorp.com/wp-content/uploads/2007/12/lidar-harris-county-texas2.jpg

Isobars

Isobars are used to show pressure. They are lines connecting areas of equal pressure.

http://www.newmediastudio.org/DataDiscovery/Hurr_ED_Center/Hurr_Structure_Energetics/Closed_Isobars/Closed_Isobars_fig02.jpg

Isotachs

Isotachs are found on weather maps their purpose is to show different wind speeds.When the wind lines are closest together the wind speed is strongest. This example is from Mexica and the southwest US.

http://www.underthemeso.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/entry_20070223_1.gif

isohyet

An isohyet is a line joining points of equal precipitation on a map this type of map is called an isohyetal map.

http://www.sabah.gov.my/htan_caims/Climatic%20information/Stations/Maps/Isohyet/isohyet.gif

Isopach

http://www.kgs.ku.edu/DPA/Schaben/Geology/gifs/s-geol11.gif

Isopleths

Isopleth maps are contour maps, they typically display variables such as temperature, precipitation, pressure, etc. In this example pH values across the United States are shown. The legend shows that various colors represent different pH scores.

http://nadp.sws.uiuc.edu/isopleths/maps1998/phfield.gif

DRG

DRGs, Digital Raster Graphics, are scanned from topographic maps. DRGs are often used as overlays for other types of GIS maps.

http://www.tceq.state.tx.us/assets/public/gis/images/drg.gif

DLG

http://ga.water.usgs.gov/olympics/athens.dlg.gif

Digital Line Graphs, DLG for short, clearly show roads, rivers, lakes, etc. This DLG is from Athens, Georgia.

DOQQ

DOQQ, or Digital orthophoto quarter quadrangle, are often used to regulate industries. In this particular example is used for flood preparation and insurance agencies.

http://www.crwr.utexas.edu/gis/gishydro00/Class/trmproj/Donnelly/termproject.htm

Continuously variable proportional circle map

Continuously variable proportional circle maps are a type of proportional cirlcle maps which use circles to create point data. The circles will always be in proportion to the variable being measured.

http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/europe/west_germany_ind_1972.jpg

Range graded proportional circle map

Range graded proportional circle maps use proportional circles to show the relationship of a variable between two areas. This map uses larger circles for larger population.

http://mapmaker.rutgers.edu/355/dotProporCircle.jpg

Classed choropleth maps

This Classed choropleth maps is from census bureau map which displays classes of varying percentages that also represents the percentage of the population which is hispanic or latino in each county (the areal unit) within the state of Florida.

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.ilstu.edu/~jrcarter/Geo204/Choro/Tom/hispanic_race_fl-H1_FINAL.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.ilstu.edu/~jrcarter/Geo204/Choro/Tom/&h=375&w=500&sz=13&hl=en&start=2&tbnid=O4EbIah7kzga4M:&tbnh=98&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dchoropleth%2Bmaps%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den

Unclassed choropleth maps

Rather then using a legend to show changes Unclassed choropleth maps show changes via shading. Each shade of color typically then represents a value, as is the case with this map fromhttp://www.princeton.edu/~rvdb/JAVA/election2004/purple_america_2004_small.gif

Bivariate choropleth maps

Bivariate choropleth maps display two variables through the use of color or some similar indicator. This map seems to indicate that the area with the higher population density had the greater population change.http://www.geog.le.ac.uk/russianheartland/DemographicMaps/images/PopulationMaps/RaionMaps/7RaionPopDenPerCh8902.jpg

Univariate choropleth maps

Univariate choropleth maps categorize data on a singular variable. This map shows population.

http://www.ats.ucla.edu/stat/sas/code/gmap.gif

Standardized choropleth maps

Standardized choropleth maps use standarized unit(s) to compare a variable. This uses population per square kilometer.http://www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/education/bitesize/standard/img/geography/population/g156.gif

Unstandardized choropleth maps

Unstandardized choropleth maps have no identified classes.http://www.epa.gov/oppt/rsei/images/thematic.jpg This map shows states.

ominal choropleth maps do not use quantitative data. Rather then using quantitative data the maps preject things such as ethnicity, height, political party, eye color, etc.. This example shows the boundaries of the countries in Southeast Asia.

http://mabryonline.org/blogs/howard/archives/map_southeast_asia.jpg

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Bilateral graph

Bilateral graphs are a visualization type that compare more then one set of data side by side. This graph compares the amount of trainees to experts to JOCVs.

http://www.mofa.go.jp/policy/oda/category/environment/pamph/2001/image/1_3.gif

Accumulative line graph or Lorenz curve

The Lorenz curve is used to show the probability distribution of wealth. In this particular example the Lorenz curve is the red line, the blue line is the line of perfect inequality and the green line is the line of perfect equality.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bd/Lorenz-curve1.png

Index value plot

The above Index Value Plot is one of streamflow values, it compares historical values for the day of the year since June 22, 1999.

http://waterwatch.usgs.gov/?m=real&w=plot

Scatterplot

A scatterplot is a visualization type that compares two or more different variables by plotting dots with an x and y value. This scatterplot is from HTTP://CNX.ORG/CONTENT/M10950/LATEST/AGE_SCATTERPLOT.GIF shows the relationship between husbands and wives and their ages.

Population profile

A population profile is a graph that shows the population of people as a function of their ages. This population profile from http://www.ifad.org/operations/regional/pf/figure1.gif shows the projected population of Botswana and the projected amount of people and their ages who will have AIDS.

Climograph

Climographs depict the monthly temperature and precipitation of an area. The bars represent the precipitation and the lines represent the temperature. In this graph from http://www.uwsp.edu/geo/faculty/ritter/glossary/A_D/climograph.html the preciption reaches it's highest point during the coldest months (December, January, and February).

Windrose

Windrose maps are used to give a view of just how wind speed and direction are mapped at a certain location. This image is a windrose plot for the LaGuardia Airport of New York, New York. It shows that wind blowing south is the strongest. The image is from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wind_rose_plot.jpg

Triangular Plot

Triangular plots are graphs of three variables. The plotted points always equal some constant value, for example three points that always come out to a hundred percent. In this example, found at http://www.dplot.com/triangle_plot.htm, the three variables are soil types (silt, clay, and sand). The graph shows what percentage of each element is found in the soil. This type of information can be useful in an archaeological or architectural context.

Parallel Coordinate gragh

This is an example of a parallel coordinate graph. This example was found at http://servus.itn.liu.se/projects/geowizard/images/sheetpcb.png. It shows trends in data that can be applied to large quantities of information. Th Parallel coordinate graph is the lower half of the picture and shows the relationship between employees, tax rates, mean income, population mean, and capitol assets.